Definition and Composition of milk (The ‘major’ and ‘minor’ constituents of milk)

 UGC NET Paper 1: Teaching Aptitude Study Notes Teaching Aptitude is a section which assessing the teachers. It is the mode of evaluating the performance of the candidates who wish to pursue the profession of teaching. The method refers to the necessary qualities required to become a successful teacher. Here is the detailed notes that will help you to crack UGC NET with high marks. 1. Concept of Teaching Teaching can be defined as an activity that helps a child to learn and grasp the desired knowledge and skills. It also helps the child to know the way of living in a society. Teaching is a process which can be carried out formally or informally. Informal teaching takes place within the family while formal teaching takes place outside the family i.e., in a school. Formal teaching should be carried out by experienced faculty, teachers, editors, etc. 2. Characteristics of Teaching Below are the list of features of teaching:  Teaching takes place in a dynamic environment  Teaching is a cognitive activity  Teaching includes a lengthy period of study and training  It has a high degree of autonomy  It is a continuous profession  It is an art as well as science  It is closely related to education, learning, and training  It is a type of social service and has different levels of teaching. 3. Factors affecting Teaching The factors affecting the process of teaching are as listed below  Educational Qualification of the teachers  Adequate skills are required for a teacher to carry his work efficiently  Experience teachers better handle the student’s queries and classroom management.  Classroom environment should support the teachinglearning environment and the teacher plays a vital role in handling this activity. 4. Methods of Teaching Some of the important teaching methods are Teacher-Centered Strategy: Following are the teacher-centered strategies:  Lecture Method- Lecture Method is a process of teaching in which the teacher tells the students about planned facts. The students listen and take notes. The success of this method depends on the ability of the teacher to speak fluently in good way and style.  Team Teaching- Team teaching includes a batch of instructors which help a group of students regularly and cooperative them to learn the different concepts. Teachers together prepare the course, frame the syllabus, prepare the lesson plans, teach, guide and evaluate the results of the students. They share students’s analysis and also suggest students to decide which approach is better.  Video Presentation- It is an improved method which involves radio or audio presentation, and it can bring the whole world inside the classroom. Screening of video presentation is followed by the discussion of a task. Mixed Strategy: Following are the methods of Mixed Strategy:  Group Discussion: Discussion methods set a platform for open-ended, collaborative exchange of ideas among the teacher and students with the motive to increase the student’s thinking, learning, problem-solving, and understanding. Participants present their unique points of view, listen to other’s ideas and then present their ideas in a better way as to increase their knowledge, understanding, or interpretation of the concept.  Brainstorming- It is a group creativity in which efforts are made to find a relevant conclusion for a particular problem by listing out different ideas or suggestions spontaneously contributed by its members.  Project Method- This is of the most advanced methods of teaching in which the student’s point of view is given importance in the design of the curriculum and content of studies. This method is based on the Philosophy of Pragmatism and the Principle of Learning by Doing. Some other methods of small group teaching methods are role-playing method, simulation, demonstration method, tutorial, etc. Student Centered Strategy: The various methods of student centered strategy are as listed below:  Assignments- An assignment is a teaching method which can be done both individually and in the group which assist the students to acquire individual academic competence. No contact hours are offered for the completion of the assignment, and the students have to carry out the task in their own time.  Case study- The case method is the most powerful studentcentered teaching strategy that imparts students with critical thinking, communication, and interpersonal skills. Working in different case study helps the students to research and evaluate multiple sources of date, fostering information literacy.  Programmed instruction- It is a research bases system that helps the students to learn in a graded sequence of controlled steps. It was discovered by Sydney L.Pressey.  Computer-Assisted Learning- In this method, the computer is used to present the instructional material and monitor the learning that takes place.  Heuristic Method- This method was discovered by Dr H.E.Armstrong. It is an approach to problem-solving, leanring, or discovery that employs a practical method but instead sufficient for reaching an immediate goal. Teaching Aids: Teaching aids are the type of aids which are used by the facilitator or a teacher in the classroom to make their teaching effective and easy so that the students can understand easily. There are different types of teaching aids which includes:  Audio Aids- These aids find the usage of the sense of hearing. Eg: radio, tape recorders, language laboratories, etc  Visual Aids- These aids are the sense of visual only. Eg: chalkboards, soft boards, maps, pictures, flashcards, etc  Audio-Visual Aids- This makes the use of both sense of hearing and visual. Eg: television, films, computers, filmstrips, etc. Make sure to study these notes which can help you to score more in UGC NET Paper I.